Structural chromosomal abnormalities are well documented in
leukaemias and lymphomas and are used as prognostic
indicators. They are also evident in solid tumours, for example,
an interstitial deletion of chromosome 3 occurs in small cell
carcinoma of the lung. More than 100 chromosomal
translocations are associated with carcinogenesis, which in
many cases is caused by ectopic expression of chimaeric fusion
proteins in inappropriate cell types. In addition, chromosome
instability is seen in some autosomal recessive disorders that
predispose to malignancy, such as ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi
anaemia, xeroderma pigmentosum, and Bloom syndrome.
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